เครื่องวัดแสงยูวี (UV Meter ) UVA, UVB, and UVC
Figure 1 Diagram showing ultraviolet portion of solar spectrum.
Ultraviolet Radiation
In
Figure 1 The UV portion of the spectrum is divided into UVA, UVB, and
UVC. These designations are somewhat arbitrary, but they are convenient
divisions for the discussion of the interaction of UV radiation with
ozone and biological organisms.
The
UVB and UVC radiation represents that portion of the spectrum that is
capable of damaging biological organisms and is also that portion
absorbed by the ozone layer above the earth. High energy UVC photons
(wavelengths shorter than 290 nm) are almost completely absorbed by
ozone and very few reach the earth’s surface. This is fortunate since
life as we know it would not exist if this were not the case. For
example, UVC radiation is emitted from “germicidal” lamps which are used
to kill biological organisms. UVB radiation (wavelengths between 290
and 320 nm) is only partially absorbed by the ozone layer and can damage
biological organisms while UVA (wavelengths greater than 320 nm) is not
absorbed by ozone and generally is not damaging to biological
organisms. These relationships will be discussed in more detail in a
later section.
| Spectral Region | Wavelength | % of Total Energy | UV radiation, it should be noted that this represents a very small portion of the total radiation from the sun
that reaches the earth’s surface. Much is filtered out by our atmosphere. Table 1 lists the various regions
of the solar spectrum, indicating the percentage of total solar energy in each region. UV radiation (represented by UVA, UVB, and UVC which will be defined in a following section)
makes up only a little over 8% of the total. Most of the solar radiation is in the visible and infrared.
|
| Infrared | >700 nm | 49.4 |
| Visible | 400-700 nm | 42.3 |
| UVA | 400-320 nm | 6.3 |
| UVB | 320-290 nm | 1.5 |
| UVC | <290 nm | 0.5 |
| Table 1 Distribution of solar irradiance energy. |
ที่มา http://uvb.nrel.colostate.edu/
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